Jul 15, · General Format. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname & Author Surname, Year) In-Text Citation (Direct Quote): (Author Surname & Author Surname, Year, page number) References: Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher. Example. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Burley & Harris, ) Jul 15, · General Format. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname et al., Year) NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year. In-Text Citation (Direct Quote): (Author Surname et al., Year, page number) References: Author Surname, First Initial Oct 28, · In-text citations when there are multiple authors Two authors. For a work with two authors, include both authors’ last names in every in-text citation, whether narrative Three or more authors. For a paper with three or more authors, only enter the last name of /5(46)
APA - APA Citation Style, 7th edition - Research Guides at George Washington University
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Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the Apa format citation multiple authors Publication Manual i. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Though the APA's author-date system for citations is fairly straightforward, author categories can vary significantly from the standard "one author, one source" configuration.
There are also additional rules for citing authors of indirect sources, electronic sources, and sources without page numbers. The APA manual recommends the use of the author-date citation structure for in-text citation references. This structure requires that any in-text citation i. In the in-text citation provide the surname of the author but do not include suffixes such as "Jr. Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work.
Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses. In et al, apa format citation multiple authors. Only "al" should be followed by a period. If you cited works with these authors:. Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name. In the case that et al.
If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. APA style calls for capitalizing important words in titles when they are written in the text but not when they are written in reference lists. Note : In the rare case that "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name Anonymous, In the reference list, apa format citation multiple authors, use the name Anonymous as the author.
If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source, just as you would an individual person.
If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, you may include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations. However, apa format citation multiple authors, if you cite work from multiple organizations whose abbreviations are the same, do not use abbreviations to avoid ambiguity.
When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list viz.
No date citations go first, then years, then in-press citations. If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters a, b, c with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation. When citing an Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword in-text, cite the appropriate author and year as usual.
For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicator's name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication. Do not include personal communication in the reference list, apa format citation multiple authors. When citing information you learned from a conversation with an Indigenous person who was apa format citation multiple authors your research participant, apa format citation multiple authors a variation of the personal communication citation above.
Generally, writers should endeavor to read primary sources original sources and cite those rather than secondary sources works that report on original sources.
Sometimes, however, this is impossible. If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase. List the secondary source in your reference list and include the secondary source in the parentheses.
If you know the year of the original source, include it in the citation. If possible, cite an electronic document the same as any other document by using the author-date style.
If no author or date is given, use the title in your signal phrase or the first word or two of the title in the parentheses and use the abbreviation "n. When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited.
Use the heading or section name, an abbreviated heading or section name, a paragraph number para. Note: Never use the page numbers of webpages you apa format citation multiple authors out; different computers print webpages with different pagination. Do not use Kindle location numbers; instead, use the page number available in many Kindle books or the method above.
The APA Publication Manual describes how to cite many different kinds of authors and content creators. However, you may occasionally encounter a source or author category that the manual does not describe, making the best way to proceed unclear. In these cases, it's typically acceptable to apply the general principles of APA citation to the new kind of source in a way that's consistent and sensible. A good way to do this is to simply use the standard APA directions for a type of source that resembles the source you want to cite.
For example, a sensible way to apa format citation multiple authors a virtual reality program would be to mimic the APA's guidelines for computer software. You may also want to investigate whether a third-party organization has provided directions for how to cite this kind of source. Find Info For Find Info For Academics Admissions Current Students Athletics About Careers Prospective Students Research and Partnerships Quick Links Apply News President Shop Visit Give Emergency, apa format citation multiple authors.
Purdue Online Writing Lab College of Liberal Arts. Writing Lab Purdue OWL Research Contact Site Map. Research and Citation APA Style 7th Edition APA Formatting and Style Guide 7th Edition. Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. A Work by One Author The APA manual recommends the use of the author-date citation structure for in-text citation references.
As Ahmed mentions A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers "Using Citations," Research by Berndt a revealed strong correlations. However, apa format citation multiple authors, a parallel study Berndt, b resulted in inconclusive findings.
Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style personal communication, November 3, Caroline Jennings, Cherokee Nation, lives in Tulsa, Oklahoma, personal communication, October Another study of students and research decisions discovered that students succeeded with tutoring "Tutoring and APA," n.
How to Reference Multiple Authors in APA Style
, time: 2:29In-Text Citations: Author/Authors // Purdue Writing Lab
If you cited works with these authors: Jones, Smith, Liu, Huang, and Kim () Jones, Smith, Ruiz, Wang, and Stanton () They would be cited in-text as follows to avoid ambiguity: (Jones, Smith, Liu, et al., ) (Jones, Smith, Ruiz, et al., ) Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name Citing multiple works with three or more authors and the same publication year is covered in Section of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition. This guidance is the same as in the 6th edition. Because “et al.” is plural (meaning “and others”), it cannot stand for only one name Jul 15, · General Format. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname et al., Year) NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year. In-Text Citation (Direct Quote): (Author Surname et al., Year, page number) References: Author Surname, First Initial
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