Jan 05, · Our personal statement FAQs will help ease the pain of writing a personal statement for your UCAS form.. We hope you find it useful, and please let us know if you have any further questions you would like to see added by emailing us at info@blogger.com lit., an abbreviation for literal or literally; See also. Litt, a surname This page was last edited on 28 April , at (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Cookie statement How to start your personal statement. Firstly, don't begin with the overkill opening. One of the dangers of trying to come up with a great opening sentence is that
English literature - Wikipedia
Literature written in the English language includes many countries such as the United Kingdom and its crown dependencies, Republic of Irelandthe United States, and the countries of the former British Empire. The English language has developed over the course of more than 1, years. English lit personal statement help is the most famous work in English lit personal statement help English, and has achieved national epic status in England, despite being set in Scandinavia.
However, following the Norman conquest of England inthe written form of the Anglo-Saxon language became less common. Under the influence of the new aristocracy, French became the standard language of courts, parliament, and polite society. This form of English lasted until the s, when the Chancery Standard late Middle Englisha London -based form of English, english lit personal statement help, became widespread.
Geoffrey Chaucer —english lit personal statement help, author of The Canterbury Taleswas a significant figure in the development of the legitimacy of vernacular Middle English at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were still French and Latin. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in also helped to standardise the language, as did the King James Bible[3] and the Great Vowel Shift, english lit personal statement help.
Poet and playwright William Shakespeare — is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and one of the world's greatest dramatists.
The English language spread english lit personal statement help the world with the development of the British Empire between the late 16th and early 18th centuries.
At its height, it was the largest empire in history. Cumulatively, over the period of to the present, numerous writers from Great Britainboth the Republic of Ireland and Northern Irelandthe US, and former British colonies have received the Nobel Prize for works in the English languagemore than in any other language. Old English literatureor Anglo-Saxon literature, encompasses the surviving literature written in English lit personal statement help English in Anglo-Saxon Englandin the period after the settlement of the Saxons and other Germanic tribes in England Jutes and the Angles c, english lit personal statement help.
Widsithwhich appears in the Exeter Book of the late 10th century, gives a list of kings of tribes ordered according to their popularity and impact on history, with Attila King of the Huns coming first, followed by Eormanric of the Ostrogoths.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old Englishfrom the 9th century, that chronicles the history of the Anglo-Saxons. This is a work of uncertain date, celebrating the Battle of Maldon ofat which the Anglo-Saxons failed to prevent a Viking invasion.
Oral tradition was very strong in early English culture and most literary works were written to be performed. The only surviving manuscript is the Nowell Codexthe precise date of which is debated, but most estimates place it close to the year Beowulf is the conventional title, [19] and its composition is dated between the 8th [20] [21] and the early 11th century.
Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous: twelve are known by name from medieval sources, but only four of those are known by their vernacular works with any certainty: CædmonBedeAlfred the Greatand Cynewulf. Cædmon is the earliest English poet whose name is known, english lit personal statement help, [23] [ pages needed ] and his only known surviving work Cædmon's Hymn probably dates from the late 7th century.
The poem is one of the earliest attested examples of Old English and is, with the english lit personal statement help Ruthwell Cross and Franks Casket inscriptions, one of three candidates for the earliest attested example of Old English poetry.
It is also one of the earliest recorded examples of sustained poetry in a Germanic language. The english lit personal statement help, The Dream of the Roodwas inscribed upon the Ruthwell Cross. Two Old English poems from the late 10th century are The Wanderer and The Seafarer. Classical antiquity was not forgotten in Anglo-Saxon England, and several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts.
The longest is King Alfred 's — 9th-century translation of Boethius ' Consolation of Philosophy. After the Norman conquest of England inthe written form of the Anglo-Saxon language became less common. As the invaders integrated, their language and literature mingled with that of the natives, and the Norman dialects of the ruling classes became Anglo-Norman.
From then until the 12th century, Anglo-Saxon underwent a gradual transition into Middle English. Political power was no longer in English hands, so that the West Saxon literary language had no more influence than any other dialect and Middle English literature was written in many dialects that corresponded to the region, history, culture, and background of individual writers.
In this period religious literature continued to enjoy popularity and Hagiographies were written, adapted and translated: for example, The Life of Saint AudreyEadmer 's c. Middle English Bible translationsnotably Wycliffe's Bibleenglish lit personal statement help, helped to establish English as a literary language. Wycliffe's Bible is the name now given to a group of Bible translations into Middle English that were made under the direction of, or at the instigation of, John Wycliffe.
They appeared between about and Another literary genre, that of Romancesappears in English from the 13th century, with King Horn and Havelock the Daneenglish lit personal statement help, based on Anglo-Norman originals such as the Romance of Horn c, english lit personal statement help. These were William LanglandGeoffrey Chaucer and the so-called Pearl Poetwhose most famous work is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
Langland's Piers Plowman written c. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is english lit personal statement help late 14th-century Middle English alliterative romance.
It is one of the better-known Arthurian stories of an established type known as the "beheading game". Developing from Welsh, Irish english lit personal statement help English tradition, Sir Gawain highlights the importance of honour and chivalry. Preserved in the same manuscript with Sir Gawayne were three other poems, now generally accepted as the work of the same author, including an intricate elegiac poem, Pearl.
Middle English lasted until the s, when the Chancery Standarda London-based form of English, became widespread and the printing press started to standardise the language.
Chaucer is best known today for The Canterbury Tales. This is a collection of stories written in Middle English mostly in verse although some are in prose english lit personal statement help, that are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together from Southwark to the shrine of St Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.
Chaucer is a english lit personal statement help figure in the development of the legitimacy of the vernacularMiddle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were still French and Latin. At this time, literature in England was being written in various languages, including Latin, Norman-French, and English: the multilingual nature of the audience for literature in the 14th century is illustrated by the example of John Gower c.
A contemporary of William Langland and a personal friend of Chaucer, Gower is remembered primarily for three major works: the Mirroir de l'OmmeVox Clamantisand Confessio Amantisenglish lit personal statement help, three long poems written in Anglo-NormanLatin and Middle English respectively, which are united by common moral and political themes.
Significant religious works were also created in the 14th century, including those of Julian of Norwich c. Julian's Revelations of Divine Love about is believed to be the first published book written by a english lit personal statement help in the English language. A major work from the 15th century is Le Morte d'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malorywhich was printed by Caxton in It was popular and influential in the later revival of interest in the Arthurian legends.
In the Middle Agesenglish lit personal statement help, drama in the vernacular languages of Europe may have emerged from enactments of the liturgy. Mystery plays were presented in the porches of cathedrals or by strolling players on feast days. Miracle and mystery plays, along with morality plays or "interludes"later evolved into more elaborate forms of drama, such as was seen on the Elizabethan stages. Another form of medieval theatre was the mummers' playsa form of early street theatre associated with the Morris danceconcentrating on themes such as Saint George and the Dragon and Robin Hood.
These were folk tales re-telling old stories, and the actors travelled from town to town performing these english lit personal statement help their audiences in return for money and hospitality. Mystery plays and miracle plays are among the earliest formally developed plays in medieval Europe.
Medieval mystery plays focused on the representation of Bible stories in churches as tableaux with accompanying antiphonal song. They developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching the height of their popularity in the 15th century before being rendered obsolete by the rise of professional theatre. There are four complete or nearly complete extant English biblical collections of plays from the late medieval period.
The most complete is the York cycle of 48 pageants. They were performed in the city of Yorkfrom the middle of the 14th century until Having grown out of the religiously based mystery plays of the Middle Ages, the morality play is a genre of english lit personal statement help and early Tudor theatrical entertainment, which represented a shift towards a more secular base for European theatre.
The plays were most popular in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Somonyng of Everyman The Summoning of Everyman c. Like John Bunyan 's allegory Pilgrim's ProgressEveryman examines the question of Christian salvation through the use of allegorical characters. Renaissance style and ideas were slow to penetrate England and the Elizabethan era — is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance.
However, many scholars see its beginnings in the early s during the reign of Henry VIII. After William Caxton introduced the printing press in England invernacular literature flourished. The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th to the 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance english lit personal statement help is usually regarded as beginning in Italy in the late 14th century. Like most of northern Europe, England saw little of these developments until more than a century later.
Renaissance style and ideas were slow in penetrating England, and the Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance. This Italian influence can also be found in the poetry of Thomas Wyatt —one of the earliest English Renaissance poets.
Edmund Spenser c. Another major figure, Sir Philip Sidney —was an English poet, whose works include Astrophel and StellaThe Defence of Poetryand The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia. Poems intended to be set to music as songs, english lit personal statement help, such as those by Thomas Campion —became popular as printed literature was disseminated more widely in households.
Among the earliest Elizabethan plays are Gorboduc by Sackville and Nortonand Thomas Kyd 's — The Spanish Tragedy Gorboduc is notable especially as the first verse drama in English to employ blank verseand for the way it developed elements, from the earlier morality plays and Senecan tragedyin the direction which would be followed by later playwrights.
William Shakespeare — stands out in this period as a poet and playwright as yet unsurpassed. Shakespeare wrote plays in a variety of genres, including histories such as Richard III and Henry IVtragedies such as HamletOthelloand Macbeth comedies such as Midsummer Night's DreamAs You Like Itenglish lit personal statement help, and Twelfth Night and the late romancesor tragicomedies.
Shakespeare's career continues in the Jacobean period. Other important figures in Elizabethan theatre include Christopher Marloweand Ben JonsonThomas DekkerJohn Fletcher and Francis Beaumont. In the early 17th century Shakespeare wrote the so-called " problem plays ", as well as a number of his best known tragediesincluding Macbeth and King Lear. Less bleak than the tragedies, these four plays are graver in tone than the comedies of the s, but they end with reconciliation and the forgiveness of potentially tragic errors.
After Shakespeare's death, the poet and dramatist Ben Jonson — was the leading literary figure of the Jacobean era. Jonson's aesthetics hark back to the Middle Ages and his characters embody the theory of humourswhich was based on contemporary medical theory.
Others who followed Jonson's style include Beaumont and Fletcherwho wrote the popular comedy, The Knight of the Burning Pestle probably —08a satire of the rising middle class. Another popular style of theatre during English lit personal statement help times was the revenge playwhich was popularized in the Elizabethan era by Thomas Kyd —and then further developed later by John Webster? Other revenge tragedies include The Changeling written by Thomas Middleton and William Rowley.
George Chapman c. The translation had a profound influence on English literature and inspired John Keats 's famous sonnet "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" Shakespeare popularized the English sonnetwhich made significant changes to Petrarch 's model.
A collection of by sonnetsdealing with themes such as the passage of time, love, beauty and mortality, were first published in a quarto. Besides Shakespeare and Ben Jonson, the major poets of the early 17th century included the Metaphysical poets : John Donne —George Herbert —Henry VaughanAndrew Marvelland Richard Crashaw. The most important prose work of the early 17th century was the King James Bible. This, one of the most massive translation projects in the history of English up to this time, was started in and completed in This represents the culmination of a tradition of Bible translation into English that began with the work of William Tyndaleand it became the standard Bible english lit personal statement help the Church of England.
THE BEST PERSONAL STATEMENT I'VE EVER READ (Cambridge University Example)
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lit., an abbreviation for literal or literally; See also. Litt, a surname This page was last edited on 28 April , at (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Cookie statement Jan 27, · Part 1: Introduction to the Medical School Personal Statement. You probably know someone who achieved a solid GPA and MCAT score, conducted research, shadowed physicians, engaged in meaningful volunteer work, and met all other medical school requirements, yet still got rejected by every school they applied to.. You may have even heard of someone who was rejected by Aug 27, · On the other hand, if your personal statement is essentially a statement of purpose, dive deep into your research interests—that is, be specific! For example, those applying to English lit programs should think about the works, eras, and writers they want to study, and why
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