The full title of Moll Flanders gives an apt summary of the plot: "The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders, Etc. Who was born in Newgate, and during a life of continu'd Variety for Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was Twelve Year a Whore, five times a Wife (whereof once to her own brother), Twelve Year a Thief, Eight Year a Transported Felon in Virginia, at last grew Modern Technology Words | 6 Pages. The debate of modern technology is one that reaches out to almost everyone in the modern era living in the United States, since it is a first world country, everybody living in the country at one point has interacted with a piece of modern technology Daniel Defoe, (born , London, Eng.—died April 24, , London), English novelist, pamphleteer, and journalist, author of Robinson Crusoe (–22) and Moll Flanders ().. Early life. Defoe’s father, James Foe, was a hard-working and fairly prosperous tallow chandler (perhaps also, later, a butcher), of Flemish descent. By his middle 30s, Daniel was calling himself “Defoe
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He is most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoemoll flanders essay, published inwhich is claimed to be second only to the Bible in its number of translations, moll flanders essay. Intellectuals and political leaders paid attention to his fresh ideas and sometimes consulted him. Defoe was a prolific and versatile writer, producing more than three hundred works [4] —books, moll flanders essay, pamphlets, and journals — on diverse topics, including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology, moll flanders essay, and the supernatural.
He was also a pioneer of business journalism [5] and economic journalism. Daniel Foe his original name was probably born in Fore Street in the parish of St Giles CripplegateLondon.
His birthdate and birthplace are uncertain, and sources offer dates from tomoll flanders essay, with the summer or early autumn of considered the most likely. In Defoe's early childhood, he experienced some of the most unusual occurrences in English history: in70, were killed by the Great Plague of Londonand the next year, the Great Fire of London left standing only Defoe's and two other houses in his neighbourhood.
His mother, Alice, had died by the time he was about ten. Defoe was educated at the Rev. James Fisher's boarding school in Pixham Lane in DorkingSurrey. Defoe entered the world of business as a general merchant, dealing at different times in hosiery, general woollen goods, and wine. His ambitions were great and he was able to buy a country estate and a ship as well as civets to make perfumethough he was rarely out of debt.
On 1 JanuaryDefoe married Mary Tuffley at St Botolph's Aldgate. With his debts and political difficulties, the marriage may have been troubled, but it lasted 47 years and produced eight children. InDefoe joined the ill-fated Monmouth Rebellion but gained a pardon, by which he escaped the Bloody Assizes of Judge George Jeffreys.
Queen Mary and her husband William III were jointly crowned inand Defoe moll flanders essay one of William's close allies and a secret agent.
He died with little wealth moll flanders essay evidently embroiled in lawsuits with the royal treasury. Byhe was back in England, now formally using the name "Defoe" and serving as a "commissioner of the glass duty", responsible for collecting taxes on bottles. Inhe ran a tile and brick factory in what is now Tilbury in Essex and lived in the parish of Chadwell St Mary.
As many as titles have been ascribed to Defoe, ranging from satirical poems, political and religious pamphlets, and volumes. Defoe's first notable publication was An Essay Upon Projectsa series of proposals for social and economic improvement, published in From tohe defended the right of King William III to a standing army during disarmament, after the Treaty of Ryswick had ended the Nine Years' War — His most successful moll flanders essay, The True-Born Englishmandefended William against xenophobic attacks from his political enemies in England, and English anti-immigration moll flanders essay more generally.
InDefoe presented the Legion's Memorial to Robert Harleythen Speaker of the House of Commons —and his subsequent employer—while flanked by a guard of sixteen gentlemen of quality. It demanded the release of the Kentish petitioners, who had asked Parliament to support the king in an imminent war against France. The death of William III in once again created a political upheaval, as the king was replaced by Queen Anne who immediately began her offensive against Nonconformists.
It was published anonymously, but the true authorship was quickly discovered and Defoe was arrested. The truth of this story is questioned by most scholars, although John Robert Moore later said that "no man in England but Defoe ever stood in the pillory and later rose to eminence among his fellow men".
After his three days in the pillory, Defoe went into Newgate Prison. Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimerbrokered his release in exchange for Defoe's cooperation as an intelligence agent for the Tories.
In exchange for such cooperation with the rival political side, moll flanders essay, Harley paid some of Defoe's outstanding debts, improving his financial situation considerably. It caused severe damage to London and Bristoluprooted millions of trees, and killed more than 8, people, mostly at sea. The event became the subject of Defoe's The Stormwhich includes a collection of witness accounts of the tempest, moll flanders essay. In the same year, he set up his periodical A Review of the Affairs of Francewhich supported the Harley Ministrychronicling the events of the War of the Spanish Succession — The Review ran three times a week without interruption until Defoe was amazed that a man as gifted as Harley left vital state papers lying in the open, and warned that he was almost inviting an unscrupulous clerk to commit treason; his warnings were fully justified by the William Gregg affair.
When Harley was ousted from the ministry inDefoe continued writing the Review to support Godolphinthen again to support Harley and the Tories in the Tory ministry of moll flanders essay The Tories fell from power with the death of Queen Annebut Defoe continued doing intelligence work for the Whig government, writing "Tory" pamphlets that undermined the Tory point of view.
Not all of Defoe's pamphlet writing was political. One pamphlet was originally published anonymously, entitled A True Relation of the Apparition of One Mrs. Veal the Next Day after her Death to One Mrs. Bargrave at Canterbury the 8th of September, It deals moll flanders essay the interaction between the spiritual realm and the physical realm and was most likely written in moll flanders essay of Charles Drelincourt 's The Christian Defence against the Fears of Death It describes Mrs.
Bargrave's encounter with her old friend Mrs. Veal after she had died. It is clear from this piece and other writings that the political portion of Defoe's life was by no means his only focus. In despair during his imprisonment for the seditious libel case, Defoe wrote to William Patersonmoll flanders essay, the London Scot and founder of the Bank of England and part instigator of the Darien schemewho was in the confidence of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimerleading minister and spymaster in the English government.
Harley accepted Defoe's services and released him in He immediately published The Reviewwhich appeared weekly, then three times a week, written mostly by himself.
This was the main mouthpiece of the English Government promoting the Act of Union Defoe began his campaign in The Review and other pamphlets aimed at English opinion, claiming that it would end the threat from the north, gaining for the Treasury an "inexhaustible treasury of men", a valuable new market increasing the power of England. By SeptemberHarley ordered Defoe to Edinburgh as a secret agent to do everything possible to moll flanders essay secure acquiescence in the Treaty of Union.
He was conscious of the risk to himself. Thanks to books such as The Letters of Daniel Defoe edited by G. Healey, moll flanders essay, Oxfordmoll flanders essay, far more is known about his activities than is usual with such agents. His first reports included vivid descriptions of violent demonstrations against the Union. Years later John Clerk of Penicuika leading Unionist, wrote in his memoirs that it was not known at the time that Defoe had been sent by Godolphin :.
He was therefor a spy among us, but not known to be such, otherways the Mob of Edin, moll flanders essay. had pull him to pieces. Defoe was a Presbyterian who had suffered in England for his convictions, and as such he was accepted as an adviser to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and committees of the Parliament of Scotland.
He told Harley that he was "privy to all their folly" but "Perfectly unsuspected as with corresponding with anybody in England". He was then able to influence the proposals that were put to Parliament and reported. Having had the honour to be always sent for the committee to whom these amendments were referrèd, I have had the good fortune to break their measures in two particulars via the bounty on Corn and proportion of the Excise.
For Scotland, he used different arguments, even the opposite of those which he used in England, usually ignoring the English doctrine of the Sovereignty of Parliamentfor example, telling the Scots that they could have complete confidence in the guarantees in the Treaty. Some of his pamphlets were purported to be written by Scots, misleading even reputable historians into quoting them as evidence of Scottish opinion of the moll flanders essay. The same is true of a massive history of the Union which Defoe published in and which some historians still treat as a valuable contemporary source for their own works.
Defoe took pains to give his history moll flanders essay air of objectivity by giving some space to arguments against the Union but always having the last word for himself. He disposed of the main Union opponent, Andrew Fletcher of Saltounby ignoring him.
InDefoe authored a rather lengthy book entitled The History of the Union of Great Britainan Edinburgh publication printed by the Heirs of Anderson. Defoe made no attempt to explain why the same Parliament of Scotland which was so vehement for its independence from to became so supine in He received very little reward from his paymasters and of course no recognition for his services by the government.
He made use of his Scottish experience to write his Tour thro' the whole Island of Great Britainpublished inwhere he admitted that the increase of trade and population in Scotland which he had predicted as a consequence of the Union was "not the case, but rather the contrary". Defoe's description of Glasgow Glaschu as a "Dear Green Place" has often been misquoted as a Gaelic translation for the town's name. The Gaelic Glas could mean grey or green, moll flanders essay, while chu means dog or hollow.
Glaschu probably means "Green Hollow", moll flanders essay. The "Dear Green Place", like much of Scotland, was a hotbed of unrest against the Union. The moll flanders essay Tron minister urged his congregation "to up and anent for the City of God". The "Dear Green Place" and "City of God" required government troops to put down the rioters tearing up copies of the Treaty at almost every mercat cross in Scotland, moll flanders essay.
When Defoe visited in the mids, he claimed that the hostility towards his party was "because they were English and because of the Union, which they were almost universally exclaimed moll flanders essay. The extent and particulars are widely contested concerning Defoe's writing in the period from the Tory fall in to the publication of Robinson Crusoe in Defoe comments on the tendency to attribute tracts of uncertain authorship to him in his apologia Appeal to Honour and Justicea defence of his part in Harley's Tory ministry — Other works that anticipate his novelistic career include The Family Instructormoll flanders essay, a conduct manual on religious duty; Minutes of the Negotiations of Monsr.
Mesnagerin which he impersonates Nicolas Mesnagerthe French plenipotentiary who negotiated the Treaty of Utrecht ; and A Continuation of the Letters Writ by a Turkish Spya satire of European politics and religion, ostensibly written by a Muslim in Paris, moll flanders essay.
From toDefoe published the novels for which he is famous see below. In the final decade of his life, he also wrote conduct manuals, including Religious CourtshipThe Complete English Tradesman and The New Family Instructor He published a number of books decrying the breakdown of the social order, such as The Great Law of Subordination Considered and Everybody's Business is Nobody's Business and works on the supernatural, like The Political History of the DevilA System of Magick and An Essay on the History and Reality of Apparitions His works on foreign travel and trade include A General History of Discoveries and Improvements and Atlas Maritimus and Commercialis Perhaps moll flanders essay greatest achievement, apart from the novels, moll flanders essay, is the magisterial A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain —which provided a panoramic survey of British trade on the eve of the Industrial Revolution.
Published inThe Complete English Tradesman is an example of Defoe's political works. In the work, moll flanders essay, Defoe discussed the role of the moll flanders essay in England in comparison to tradesmen internationally, arguing that the British system of trade is far superior. Defoe argued that most of the British gentry was at one time or another inextricably linked with the institution of trade, either through personal experience, marriage or genealogy.
Overall, Defoe demonstrated a high respect for tradesmenbeing one himself. Not only did Defoe elevate individual British tradesmen to the level of gentlemanbut he praised the entirety of British trade as a superior system to other systems of trade.
Defoe also argued that through the expansion of the British Empire and British mercantile influence, Britain would be able to "increase commerce at home" through job creations and increased consumption. Published in his late fifties, [28] Robinson Crusoe relates the story of a man's shipwreck on a desert island for twenty-eight years and his subsequent adventures, moll flanders essay. Throughout its episodic narrative, moll flanders essay, Crusoe's struggles with faith are apparent as he bargains with God in times of life-threatening crises, but time and again he turns his back after his deliverances, moll flanders essay.
He is finally content with his lot in life, separated from society, following a more genuine conversion experience. In the opening pages of The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoethe author describes how Crusoe settled in Bedfordshiremarried and produced a family, and that when his wife died, he went off on these further moll flanders essay.
Daniel Defoe: Moll Flanders
, time: 33:54Daniel Defoe - Books, Facts & P - Biography
Apr 02, · A handful of novels followed soon after—often with rogues and criminals as lead characters—including Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, Captain Singleton, Journal of An Essay on Projects. An Essay on Projects by Daniel Defoe Download Read more. Of Captain Mission and His Crew. Moll Flanders. Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe Download Read more. The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe The full title of Moll Flanders gives an apt summary of the plot: "The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders, Etc. Who was born in Newgate, and during a life of continu'd Variety for Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was Twelve Year a Whore, five times a Wife (whereof once to her own brother), Twelve Year a Thief, Eight Year a Transported Felon in Virginia, at last grew
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